John h



J. H. ELWARD.

CAR HEATER.

Patente ay 22, 1888.

N4 PETERS. Phuta-Lilhugnpher. wammgmn, D. C.

(No Model.)

JOHN H. ELVARD, OF VVHITEWA'IER,

Free.

WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO J. F. MITCHELL AND J. A. PARTRIDGE,OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters 'Patent No. 383,115, dated May 22,188g.

Application filed March 30, 1887.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN H. ELWARD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Whitewater, in the county of NValworth and StateofWisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCar-Heaters, of which the following is a specification, reference beinghad therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to a iireproof stoveroom adapted to be employedin railway-cars.

The object is to prevent the danger of con tlagration from the heatingapparatus in case it should be overturned or, displaced by accident andat the same time provide ample facilities for effecting the heating ofthe car under ordinary circumstances.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a car, showing the mannerof applying thereto a heater-chamber 'constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is a crosssection ofthe same. Fig. 3 is a frontelevation. Fig. et is a front view of the doorway, the door beingopened. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of one form of passage for admittingair to the stove. Fig. 6 is a partial view of one of the brace-bars forfastening the stove to the shell or outer wall, showing the manner ofsecuring said bar.

In the drawings, A Arepresent the pipes of a coil or nest, wherein thewater is heated which is utilized for heating the car, it being suppliedto the pipes through the duct c, communieating with any suitablereservoir and passing from the heating-pipes A through the pipes c tothe different parts ot' the car.

B represents the fireboX of the stove or furnace, in which thecombustion is maintained by which the water is heated. In many respectsthis can be of any preferred form. That shown has a door, I), forsupplying fuel, grates at b', an ash-chamber at b2, and a door at b3 forthe removal of the ashes.

Around the water-pipes and around the stove or heater I arrange apeculiarly-constructed chamber, having sheet-metal walls so constructedand arranged as to prevent the outside portion from becoming heatedunder any circumstances, and the openings through which are adapted tobe closed in such way that neither tire nor burning material can. es-

Serial No, 233,037. (No model.)

cape from the chamber in whatever position it may be placed.

I form a triplewalled shell, the several walls being indicated by O CG2. These may be so shaped as to provide a cylindrical chamber, or onewhich is square or angular in section. That shown is square in section,with a slightlyflaring top. The side pieces of each wall may be integralfrom top to bottom, or may be formed of several pieces secured together,they being preferably made of sheets of tank-iron. The wall C is securedto the next exterior wall, C', by means of stud-bolts or other devicescapable of both fastening them securely together and at the same timespacing themthat is, holding them apart a suitable distance. Around thewall C there is built a third wall, O2, similar in character and ofsimilar material. It is also secured to the wall C by means of fasteningand spacing devices, such as said bolts, as shown at c', the interiorstud-bolts being indicated by c. The bolts c and of are so situated thatthey do not coincide longitudinally, and, as a result, the conduction ofheat from the interior is effectually broken. The double-walled shellsheretofore in use have had incident to them such an outward conductionof heat from the interior that there was still danger in using them,even if they were sufficiently strong to attain the other ends aimedatin their use. I pack the spaces between the walls with asbestus or othersimilar non-conducting material, and thus provide a shell surroundingthe heating devices, which is not only sufficiently strong to resistfracture, but also which shall prevent the conducting of heat to-theexterior surface to such extent as to make the metal dangerous tosurrounding objects. The shell, being made in the way and of thematerial described, is adapted to bend, so that it will yield inwardlyto a considerable extent before it will fracture or be torn to pieces.

By employingthe intermediate wall, O, Inot only attain the end abovespoken ofe-to wit, that of preventing the conduction of the heatoutwardlyf-but 'also greatly increase the strength of the shell,considered as a whole, it being desirable to have it capable ofresisting not only outward strains brought to bear by the furnace incase of a fall of the latter, but also inward thrusts from exteriorbodies in case the shell should fall upon them.

I know that stationary heaters have been provided with jackets, in eachcase consisting of a wall of non-conducting material inclosed betweentwo walls of metal for the purpose of saving as much as possible of theheat of the furnace; but I do not know of any earlier constructionadapted to the use for which the present one is intended-that is to say,one having, in combination with the furnace, a complete envelopingnon-conducting shell of the character described, rigidly secured bybolts or otherwise to the furnace itself, so that both are virtually onestructure. Again, in my construction the dooi` is also formed as anon-conductor, so that it can be .made large relatively to the shell andto the interior firebox, a relative increase in size being necessary byreason of the presence of the re-enforcing bars across the doorway andof the small space available for the manipulations necessary inattending to the furnace. By constructing the body of the furnace in theway described it can be made as large as necessary without presenting asurface of metal at the exterior surface of the shell that can act as aconductor of heat.

D represents the pipe or flnethrough which.

pass the products of combustion from fire-box B. This at its upper endis surrounded by a part of the aforesaid triple-walled jacket. If thestove should be overturned and the pipe D knocked away from the jacketat its upper end, the pipe'aperture will be instantly closed by means ofa spring-actuated valve, D2, so constructed and arranged as to preventanything from escaping from the interior, it being forced more tightlyinto place if struck by any of the contents of the chamber.

So long as the inlet-pipe a is in position in its aperture through theshell there is no serions danger of heated bodies escaping through saidaperture; but if this pipe should be knocked away from the aperture, sothat the latter is uncovered, a sliding valve, E, is instantly forcedinto place by means of a spring, e, to close it.

The outlet-pipe a has combined with it also a sliding valve, F, adaptedto close its aperture if the pipe should be removed.

The air for supporting combustion can be supplied in any'suitable way. Iprefer to provide apertures through the lower part of the stove throughwhich air can pass from the interior of the shell, it entering into theinterior either through apertures in the bottom of the car or through apassageway shown at G. This passage G consists of a pipe or box iiangedso that it can be tightly secured to the outer surface of the shell incoincidence with an opening at g. To prevent ashes, cinders, or coalsfrom escaping outward under all circumA stances, I provide the pipe orbox G with vstaggered plates gi-that is to say, plates projecting intothe passage g2 through the pipe, and arranged alternately and so as tooverlap each other, yet not completely closing the said passage.

, The shell is formed with a doorway sufficiently large to permit theacts which are necessary in charging or feeding the stove and otherwisemanipulating the apparatus. This door is indicated at E E E2, it alsobeing made of sheets of tank-iron in a way substantially similar tothatfollowed in making the walls, the sheets E E E2 being spaced andfastened by bolts and having a non-conducting packing between them. Thisdoor is upon the outside provided with strong hinges and a latch adaptedto be locked in place. To still further insure against the door beingbroken open by the stove if the latter should fall toward it, I providere-enforcing flanges D3, which project across a part of the doorway,these being preferably formed by extending in the inner sheet, C,of thewall. Then Isecure a series ofstrong iron bars across the doorway, asshown at D, there being open spaces between the bars sufficient to allowthe aforesaid work to be done under ordinary circumstances; but the barsare so constructed and arranged as to entirely prevent the stove fromcoming in contact with the door or from imparting any serious blowthereto.

I am aware that car-heaters have been heretofore employed, wherein usewas made of a non-conducting wall inclosed by a sheet of metal and asheet of wood, this wall in some cases being upon one side only of thestove or furnace, and in all others that I know of it extends only partway round the same, being in all cases used merely to protect thewoodwork immediately adjacent from the heat ordinarily escaping from thestove. In my case the construction is materially different, so far asthe surrounding nonconduc'ting walls are concerned, and as they areintended to accomplish another purpose. Not only do Iprotect thewoodwork ofthe car which isimmediatelyadjacent to the stove or furnacewhen the latter is in its normal position, but I prevent it from sendingheat to the exterior under all circumstances, whether it be thrown toone side or the other of the chamber or remain stationary, and alsowhether the inclosing-shell itself be torn looseor remain in properposition. Not only do the non-conducting walls extend entirely aroundthe nre-box of the stove on all sides horizontally, but they extend topoints above it and surround more or less of the pipe or duct for thepassage of the smoke. When the parts are thus constructed and arranged,I provide a way for thoroughly insuring that the burning or heatedmaterials shall not escape from the non conducting shell, even if thefire-box proper should be completely inverted. When turned over, one ofthe first results of the movement is to loosen and detach the pipe D, sothat the valve D2 is permitted to fit tightly to its seat. If the re-IIO box proper should extend to the top of the outer shell, theoperation of the shut-off devices would not be as readily attainable.

I am also aware that devices differing from that herein somewhat as topurpose-to wit, refrigerators-have been constructed with two wallscontaining a layer ofnon-conducting material between them, andthatinsomeinstances these have been surrounded by a wooden wall with anairspace inside, and I do not claim such device as my invention; but Iam not aware that even such articles have been constructed with threesheets, all of metal, so arranged as to form two substantiallycontinuous chambers, with both or either of them packed withnon-conducting material to attain the purposes at which l aim, the outermetal sheet being secured to the intermediate one by devices ontransverse lines different 'from those of the devices which fasten theintermediate to the inner wall. The third or outer sheet of metal is amatter of considerable importance when used in conjunction with the twoinner ones, for it is practically impossible to secure t-he inner onestogether otherwise than by metallic fastening devices adapted to conductheat rapidly from the interior to the exterior. When the third outerwall is employed in conjunction with the others, the conducting out ofthe heat is effectually broken. The three-walled shell below the stoveand also that which converges to and extends more or less up around thesmoke-duct not only act to protect the wood-work when the parts are intheir nermal position, but offer an additional assurance that heat shallnot'be conducted to the exterior in case of accident. The braces G', bywhich the stove is held in place, are themselves secured in such waythat the heat is thereby conducted to the outside, as their fasteningdevices are attached only Ato the inner metal wall and to theintermediate one.

I. In an apparatus for heating cars, the combination, with the stove orfurnace,of the surrounding shell, rigidly secured by bolts to the saidfurnace, which has upon all sides of the stove walls ot' non-conductingmaterial and walls of sheet metal, which inelose the said noirconductingmaterial, a doorway formed in said shell, and a door situated in thesaid doorway, also formed of sheets of metal and non-conducting materialinclosed thereby,sub stantially as set forth.

2. In an apparatus for heating cars, the combination, with the stove orfurnace and the pipes which convey heat from the furnace to the car, ofthe surrounding shell, which has two walls of non-conducting materialextending entirely around the stove horizontally, and the three metalwalls inclosing the said nonconducting walls, and the non-conductingdoor in the said shell, substantially as set forth.

3. In an apparatus for heating cars, the combination, with the stove, ofthe surrounding three-walled shell which extends horizontally entirelyaround the stove, the walls of which are formed of sheets of metalsecured together and spaced apart by rivets, the rivets whichsecurelhetirst and second wallsbeing arranged on transverse lines otherthan those which secure together the rst and second walls, substantiallyas set forth.

4. In an apparatus for heating cars, the combination, with the stove, ofthe surrounding three-walled shell, formed with the vertical part whichsurrounds the stove proper, the inwardly-tapering part above the saidvertical part, and a supplemental vertical part above the tapering partand surrounding the smokeexit, substantially as set forth.

5. In an apparatus for heating cars, the combination of the stove, thesurrounding shell of non-conducting walls with inclosing sheets ofmetal, the door constructed of similar walls and metal sheets, and thecross-bars Di, fastened independently of the door to the said wallsinside of the doorway, substantially as described.

A 6. In 1 an apparatus for heating cars, the combination, with thestove, of the surrounding shell, the escape-duct for smoke,the automaticvalve which closes the said duct, the duct for supplying air to thefurnace, the zigzag or staggered plates for preventing the ashes andcinders from escaping through said duet, the pipes c a for conveyingheat from the stove to the car, and the spring-actuated valves E3 and F,substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, with the stove, of the non-conducting shell havingtwo or more sheets of metal spaced apart and the doorway formed therein,and with the inner sheet of metal extended toward the middle of thedoorway to ferm a fiange, and the door having its edges outside andadjacent to said iiange, as set forth.

8. The combination, with the stove, of the surrounding shell havingseveral parallel separate metal walls with non-conducting chambersbetween them, and the braces G/ for the stove secured to the shellindependently of the outer metal wall thereof, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN H. ELWARD.

Witnesses:

J. A. PARTRIDGE, L. E. Bril-inns.

lOO

